Resumo Pterodon pubescens e P. emarginatus (Leguminosae) são duas espécies de plantas nativas medicinais do Brasil. As populações têm sido ameaçadas pelo extrativismo para uso de suas propriedades terapêuticas. Estudos de diversidade genética ajudam a racionalizar o uso e a promover a conservação dessas espécies. Nós desenvolvemos marcadores microssatélites para P. pubescens e transferimos para P. emarginatus com intuito de permitir investigações futuras da diversidade genética das espécies. A partir de sequências genômicas de P. pubescens, obtidas via plataforma Illumina MiSeq, foi possível identificar 6.514 regiões microssatélites, desenhar 5.419 pares de primers, e testar a amplificação de 30 marcadores. Nós fornecemos 26 marcadores moleculares, 10 dos quais foram usados para genotipar 48 indivíduos de cada espécie. O número de alelos por locus variou de 3 a 16, com alta diversidade genética média para ambas as espécies ( P. pubescens HE = 0,753; P. emarginatus HE = 0,691). Os dez marcadores apresentaram boa probabilidade de exclusão de falsa paternidade (com valores acima de 0,99) e baixos valores de probabilidade de identidade, indicando que esse conjunto é adequado para discriminar indivíduos em P. pubescens e P. emarginatus. Os marcadores microssatélites desenvolvidos neste trabalho representam uma ferramenta promissora para estudos de genética de populações e conservação das duas espécies e podem, eventualmente, ser aplicados a espécies não-modelos filogeneticamente próximas.

Abstract Pterodon pubescens and P. emarginatus (Leguminosae) are native medicinal plants of Brazil. Extractivism due to its therapeutic properties threatens populations of both species. Studies of genetic diversity is a way to reason the use and promote conservation. We developed microsatellite markers for P. pubescens and transferred them to P. emarginatus to further genetic diversity investigation of these species. From genomic sequences of P. pubescens, obtained via the Illumina MiSeq platform, it was possible to identify 6,514 microsatellite regions, to design 5,419 primer pairs, and to test 30 markers amplification. We provide 26 polymorphic microsatellite markers, 10 of which were genotyped in 48 individuals per species. The number of alleles per locus range from 3 to 16, with high average genetic diversity ( P. pubescens HE = 0.753; P. emarginatus HE = 0.691). The genotyped markers have a high paternity exclusion probability (Q values greater than 0.99) and low probability of identity, indicating that set of loci is capable of individual discriminating in P. pubescens and P. emarginatus. Microsatellite markers provided in this study are a tool for population genetics studies and conservation of the two species and can be applied to closely related non-model species.

Abstract Cytogenetic data can be useful for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies, as well as to provide information about chromosome evolution. Therefore, it may help design conservation priorities for some threatened species, such as anurans. Herein, we describe the karyotypes of Scinax constrictus and Ololygon centralis, native endemic species from the Brazilian Cerrado. Chromosome preparations for both species were stained with Giemsa for morphological analyses and then impregnated by the Ag-NOR method for localization of the nucleolar organizer region (NOR). Both species had 24 chromosomes, as confirmed by meiotic analyses, which showed 12 bivalents. Chromosome morphologies presented the same pattern for Scinax and Ololygon compared to species already karyotyped in both genera. The NOR was interstitially located in the long arm of pair 7 in S. constrictus, whereas in O. centralis it was found near the centromere in the long arm of pair 1, thus diverging from what is commonly found for other Ololygon species. Therefore, we provide the first description of the karyotype of O. centralis and the first report of the localization of the NOR for the karyotype of both species. Our study increases the cytogenetic knowledge in species of the genera Scinax and Ololygon, and provide support for further studies on the taxonomy, ecology, and evolution of hylid anurans.